This component-private utility struct provides a namespace for the flatten overload set intended to be used in concert with an overload set consisting of a function template with a deduced argument and an non-template overload accepting a const char *. The actual implementation of the functionality would be in the const char * overload whereas the purpose of the function template is to invoke the const char * overload with a null-terminated string.
The function template achieves null-termination by recursively calling the function and supplying it with the result of flatten invoked on the deduced argument. This flatten invocation will call c_str() on various supported string types, will produce a temporary bsl::string for possibly non-null-terminated bslstl::StringRef, and will result in a BSLMF_ASSERT for any unsupported type. Calling the function with the temporary bsl::string produced from bslstl::StringRef will result in a second invocation of flatten, this time producing const char *, and finally calling the function with a null-terminated string.
Note that the bslstl::StringRef overload for flatten is provided for backwards compatibility. Without it, the bsl::string and std::string overloads would be ambiguous. In new code, it is preferable to not provide bslstl::StringRef overload in a similar facility and require the clients to explicitly state the string type in their code, making a potential allocation obvious. The bsl::string_view overload is not provided for the same reason.