bslx_streambufinstream.h

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/// @file bslx_streambufinstream.h
///
/// The content of this file has been pre-processed for Doxygen.
///
 
 
// bslx_streambufinstream.h                                           -*-C++-*-
#ifndef INCLUDED_BSLX_STREAMBUFINSTREAM
#define INCLUDED_BSLX_STREAMBUFINSTREAM
 
#include <bsls_ident.h>
BSLS_IDENT("$Id: $")
 
/// @defgroup bslx_streambufinstream bslx_streambufinstream
/// @brief  Unexternalization of fundamental types from a `bsl::streambuf`.
/// @addtogroup bsl
/// @{
/// @addtogroup bslx
/// @{
/// @addtogroup bslx_streambufinstream
/// @{
///
/// <h1> Outline </h1>
/// * <a href="#bslx_streambufinstream-purpose"> Purpose</a>
/// * <a href="#bslx_streambufinstream-classes"> Classes </a>
/// * <a href="#bslx_streambufinstream-description"> Description </a>
///   * <a href="#bslx_streambufinstream-usage"> Usage </a>
///     * <a href="#bslx_streambufinstream-example-1-basic-unexternalization"> Example 1: Basic Unexternalization </a>
///
/// # Purpose {#bslx_streambufinstream-purpose}
/// Unexternalization of fundamental types from a `bsl::streambuf`.
///
/// # Classes {#bslx_streambufinstream-classes}
///
/// -  bslx::StreambufInStream: `bsl::streambuf` input stream for fundamentals
///
/// @see  bslx_streambufoutstream, bslx_genericinstream
///
/// # Description {#bslx_streambufinstream-description}
/// This component implements a `bsl::streambuf` input stream
/// class, `bslx::StreambufInStream`, that provides platform-independent input
/// methods ("unexternalization") on values, and arrays of values, of
/// fundamental types, and on `bsl::string`.
///
/// The `bslx::StreambufInStream` type reads from a user-supplied
/// `bsl::streambuf` directly, with no data copying or assumption of ownership.
/// The user must therefore make sure that the lifetime and visibility of the
/// buffer is sufficient to satisfy the needs of the input stream.
///
/// This component is intended to be used in conjunction with the
/// @ref bslx_streambufoutstream  "externalization" component.  Each input method of
/// `bslx::StreambufInStream` reads either a value or a homogeneous array of
/// values of a fundamental type, in a format that was written by the
/// corresponding `bslx::StreambufOutStream` method.  In general, the user of
/// this component cannot rely on being able to read data that was written by
/// any mechanism other than `bslx::StreambufOutStream`.
///
/// The supported types and required content are listed in the `bslx`
/// package-level documentation under "Supported Types".
///
/// Note that input streams can be *invalidated* explicitly and queried for
/// *validity*.  Reading from an initially invalid stream has no effect.
/// Attempting to read beyond the end of a stream will automatically invalidate
/// the stream.  Whenever an inconsistent value is detected, the stream should
/// be invalidated explicitly.
///
/// ## Usage {#bslx_streambufinstream-usage}
///
///
/// This section illustrates intended use of this component.
///
/// ### Example 1: Basic Unexternalization {#bslx_streambufinstream-example-1-basic-unexternalization}
///
///
/// Suppose we wish to implement a (deliberately simple) `MyPerson` class as a
/// value-semantic object that supports BDEX externalization and
/// unexternalization.  In addition to whatever data and methods that we choose
/// to put into our design, we must supply three methods having specific names
/// and signatures in order to comply with the BDEX protocol: a class method
/// `maxSupportedBdexVersion`, an accessor (i.e., a `const` method)
/// `bdexStreamOut`, and a manipulator (i.e., a non-`const` method)
/// `bdexStreamIn`.  This example shows how to implement those three methods.
///
/// In this example we will not worry overly about "good design" of the
/// `MyPerson` component, and we will declare but not implement illustrative
/// methods and free operators, except for the three required BDEX methods,
/// which are implemented in full.  In particular, we will not make explicit use
/// of `bslma` allocators; a more complete design would do so:
///
/// First, we implement `MyPerson`:
/// @code
/// class MyPerson {
///     bsl::string d_firstName;
///     bsl::string d_lastName;
///     int         d_age;
///
///     friend bool operator==(const MyPerson&, const MyPerson&);
///
///   public:
///     // CLASS METHODS
///     static int maxSupportedBdexVersion(int versionSelector);
///         // Return the maximum valid BDEX format version, as indicated by
///         // the specified 'versionSelector', to be passed to the
///         // 'bdexStreamOut' method.  Note that it is highly recommended that
///         // 'versionSelector' be formatted as "YYYYMMDD", a date
///         // representation.  Also note that 'versionSelector' should be a
///         // *compile*-time-chosen value that selects a format version
///         // supported by both externalizer and unexternalizer.  See the
///         // 'bslx' package-level documentation for more information on BDEX
///         // streaming of value-semantic types and containers.
///
///     // CREATORS
///     MyPerson();
///         // Create a default person.
///
///     MyPerson(const char *firstName, const char *lastName, int age);
///         // Create a person having the specified 'firstName', 'lastName',
///         // and 'age'.
///
///     MyPerson(const MyPerson& original);
///         // Create a person having the value of the specified 'original'
///         // person.
///
///     ~MyPerson();
///         // Destroy this object.
///
///     // MANIPULATORS
///     MyPerson& operator=(const MyPerson& rhs);
///         // Assign to this person the value of the specified 'rhs' person,
///         // and return a reference to this person.
///
///     template <class STREAM>
///     STREAM& bdexStreamIn(STREAM& stream, int version);
///         // Assign to this object the value read from the specified input
///         // 'stream' using the specified 'version' format, and return a
///         // reference to 'stream'.  If 'stream' is initially invalid, this
///         // operation has no effect.  If 'version' is not supported, this
///         // object is unaltered and 'stream' is invalidated, but otherwise
///         // unmodified.  If 'version' is supported but 'stream' becomes
///         // invalid during this operation, this object has an undefined, but
///         // valid, state.  Note that no version is read from 'stream'.  See
///         // the 'bslx' package-level documentation for more information on
///         // BDEX streaming of value-semantic types and containers.
///
///     //...
///
///     // ACCESSORS
///     int age() const;
///         // Return the age of this person.
///
///     template <class STREAM>
///     STREAM& bdexStreamOut(STREAM& stream, int version) const;
///         // Write the value of this object, using the specified 'version'
///         // format, to the specified output 'stream', and return a reference
///         // to 'stream'.  If 'stream' is initially invalid, this operation
///         // has no effect.  If 'version' is not supported, 'stream' is
///         // invalidated, but otherwise unmodified.  Note that 'version' is
///         // not written to 'stream'.  See the 'bslx' package-level
///         // documentation for more information on BDEX streaming of
///         // value-semantic types and containers.
///
///     const bsl::string& firstName() const;
///         // Return the first name of this person.
///
///     const bsl::string& lastName() const;
///         // Return the last name of this person.
///
///     //...
///
/// };
///
/// // FREE OPERATORS
/// bool operator==(const MyPerson& lhs, const MyPerson& rhs);
///     // Return 'true' if the specified 'lhs' and 'rhs' person objects have
///     // the same value, and 'false' otherwise.  Two person objects have the
///     // same value if they have the same first name, last name, and age.
///
/// bool operator!=(const MyPerson& lhs, const MyPerson& rhs);
///     // Return 'true' if the specified 'lhs' and 'rhs' person objects do not
///     // have the same value, and 'false' otherwise.  Two person objects
///     // differ in value if they differ in first name, last name, or age.
///
/// // ========================================================================
/// //                  INLINE FUNCTION DEFINITIONS
/// // ========================================================================
///
/// // CLASS METHODS
/// inline
/// int MyPerson::maxSupportedBdexVersion(int /* versionSelector */) {
///     return 1;
/// }
///
/// // CREATORS
/// inline
/// MyPerson::MyPerson()
/// : d_firstName("")
/// , d_lastName("")
/// , d_age(0)
/// {
/// }
///
/// inline
/// MyPerson::MyPerson(const char *firstName, const char *lastName, int age)
/// : d_firstName(firstName)
/// , d_lastName(lastName)
/// , d_age(age)
/// {
/// }
///
/// inline
/// MyPerson::~MyPerson()
/// {
/// }
///
/// template <class STREAM>
/// STREAM& MyPerson::bdexStreamIn(STREAM& stream, int version)
/// {
///     if (stream) {
///         switch (version) {  // switch on the 'bslx' version
///           case 1: {
///             stream.getString(d_firstName);
///             if (!stream) {
///                 d_firstName = "stream error";  // *might* be corrupted;
///                                                //  value for testing
///                 return stream;                                    // RETURN
///             }
///             stream.getString(d_lastName);
///             if (!stream) {
///                 d_lastName = "stream error";  // *might* be corrupted;
///                                               //  value for testing
///                 return stream;                                    // RETURN
///             }
///             stream.getInt32(d_age);
///             if (!stream) {
///                 d_age = 999;     // *might* be corrupted; value for testing
///                 return stream;                                    // RETURN
///             }
///           } break;
///           default: {
///             stream.invalidate();
///           }
///         }
///     }
///     return stream;
/// }
///
/// // ACCESSORS
/// inline
/// int MyPerson::age() const
/// {
///     return d_age;
/// }
///
/// template <class STREAM>
/// STREAM& MyPerson::bdexStreamOut(STREAM& stream, int version) const
/// {
///     switch (version) {
///       case 1: {
///         stream.putString(d_firstName);
///         stream.putString(d_lastName);
///         stream.putInt32(d_age);
///       } break;
///       default: {
///         stream.invalidate();
///       } break;
///     }
///     return stream;
/// }
///
/// inline
/// const bsl::string& MyPerson::firstName() const
/// {
///     return d_firstName;
/// }
///
/// inline
/// const bsl::string& MyPerson::lastName() const
/// {
///     return d_lastName;
/// }
///
/// // FREE OPERATORS
/// inline
/// bool operator==(const MyPerson& lhs, const MyPerson& rhs)
/// {
///     return lhs.d_firstName == rhs.d_firstName &&
///            lhs.d_lastName  == rhs.d_lastName  &&
///            lhs.d_age       == rhs.d_age;
/// }
///
/// inline
/// bool operator!=(const MyPerson& lhs, const MyPerson& rhs)
/// {
///     return !(lhs == rhs);
/// }
/// @endcode
/// Then, we can exercise the new `MyPerson` value-semantic class by
/// externalizing and reconstituting an object.  First, create a `MyPerson`
/// `janeSmith` and a `bslx::StreambufOutStream` `outStream`:
/// @code
/// MyPerson                 janeSmith("Jane", "Smith", 42);
/// bsl::stringbuf           buffer;
/// bslx::StreambufOutStream outStream(&buffer, 20131127);
/// const int                VERSION = 1;
/// outStream.putVersion(VERSION);
/// janeSmith.bdexStreamOut(outStream, VERSION);
/// assert(outStream.isValid());
/// @endcode
/// Next, create a `MyPerson` `janeCopy` initialized to the default value, and
/// assert that `janeCopy` is different from `janeSmith`:
/// @code
/// MyPerson janeCopy;
/// assert(janeCopy != janeSmith);
/// @endcode
/// Then, create a `bslx::StreambufInStream` `inStream` initialized with the
/// buffer from the `bslx::StreambufOutStream` object `outStream` and
/// unexternalize this data into `janeCopy`:
/// @code
/// bslx::StreambufInStream inStream(&buffer);
/// int                     version;
/// inStream.getVersion(version);
/// janeCopy.bdexStreamIn(inStream, version);
/// assert(inStream.isValid());
/// @endcode
/// Finally, `assert` the obtained values are as expected and display the
/// results to `bsl::stdout`:
/// @code
/// assert(version  == VERSION);
/// assert(janeCopy == janeSmith);
///
/// if (janeCopy == janeSmith) {
///     bsl::cout << "Successfully serialized and de-serialized Jane Smith:"
///               << "\n\tFirstName: " << janeCopy.firstName()
///               << "\n\tLastName : " << janeCopy.lastName()
///               << "\n\tAge      : " << janeCopy.age() << bsl::endl;
/// }
/// else {
///     bsl::cout << "Serialization unsuccessful.  'janeCopy' holds:"
///               << "\n\tFirstName: " << janeCopy.firstName()
///               << "\n\tLastName : " << janeCopy.lastName()
///               << "\n\tAge      : " << janeCopy.age() << bsl::endl;
/// }
/// @endcode
/// @}
/** @} */
/** @} */
 
/** @addtogroup bsl
 * @{
 */
/** @addtogroup bslx
 * @{
 */
/** @addtogroup bslx_streambufinstream
 * @{
 */
 
#include <bslscm_version.h>
 
#include <bslx_genericinstream.h>
 
#include <bsl_streambuf.h>
 
 
namespace bslx {
 
                       // =======================
                       // class StreambufInStream
                       // =======================
 
/// This class facilitates the unexternalization of values (and C-style
/// arrays of values) of the fundamental integral and floating-point types
/// in a data-independent, platform-neutral representation.  It is currently
/// a `typedef` for `bslx::GenericInStream<bsl::streambuf>`.
typedef GenericInStream<bsl::streambuf> StreambufInStream;
 
}  // close package namespace
 
 
#endif
 
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright 2014 Bloomberg Finance L.P.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// ----------------------------- END-OF-FILE ----------------------------------
 
/** @} */
/** @} */
/** @} */